Packaging Material Recovery Method Analysis

This article discusses the recycling of packaging materials in detail. The recovery methods are classified into three major categories: management and recycling, technology recovery, and other series recovery and loop recycling. And its connotation was analyzed.

First, the management of packaging materials recycling

The recycling of packaging materials can be classified from the perspective of management and technology, and can be divided into packaging material management recycling methods and packaging materials technology recycling methods.

1. Organize recycling

Recycling of packaging materials refers to recycling by a specialized organization or group of companies. The recycling of activities and activities organized by the organization is a need for group awareness or a certain benefit. It can be further divided into several types of recycling. :

(1) Government organization group recycling

Mainly refers to the packaging recovery methods organized by the government's relevant departments, such as the recycling of packaging waste organized by the environmental protection and environmental sanitation department.

(2) Social groups recycling

It mainly refers to the recycling of packaging waste organized by some mass groups or associations, such as the association of environmentalists, consumers associations, and organizations such as “Return to Nature” that resists packaging pollution.

(3) related activities recycling

Refers to the recycling organized by commemorative events such as large-scale festivals or related environmental events, such as the mass recycling of packaging waste organized and carried out by World Environment Day, especially when the “white pollution” is eliminated along railway lines, river basins, and Collection and recycling of discarded plastic packaging held in various locations are all such recycling methods.

(4) Corporate recycling

Refers to the recycling of packaging wastes, and the use of waste-based businesses for the recovery of packaging wastes, such as specialized waste material recycling companies, packaging materials companies, and community service companies/property management companies, etc. In addition, the affiliated companies controlled by the urban sanitation department (founded by) also belong to this group.

2. Spontaneous recycling

Spontaneous recycling refers to the recurring or temporary recovery of those wastes that are mainly used for recycling of packaging wastes. For example, “Trash King” with Chinese characteristics is a typical example of spontaneous recycling of packaging. Many waste recycling stations in China rely on them to support and maintain their survival.

The recycling of packaging in our cities is almost achieved by spontaneous recycling. According to conservative estimates, the number of spontaneous wastes that are active in cities is more than one million. Take Beijing as an example. Foreigners entering the city to collect garbage to make a living have generally started in the late 1980s and have now grown to more than 82,000 people. Among them, there are about 46,000 people in Sichuan, about 17,000 in Henan, and there are people in other areas. From the perspective of professional division of labor, 31,000 people out of the 82,000 people were on the street to purchase waste products on the tricycle. The per capita annual income was 15,000 yuan; about 20,000 people were collected from hotels and restaurants and collected waste in shopping malls, and the average person was The annual income is 12,000 yuan, and about 21,000 people who adhere to garbage buildings (762 garbage buildings have been built in Beijing) or pick up rubbish in residential buildings, with a per capita annual income of more than 10,000 yuan; scattered in urban-rural junctions, About 10,000 people work in the waste market. They have formed a complete system of picking, transporting, marketing and processing. They sort and collect the collected metals, plastics, glass, paper, etc., and send them to professional manufacturers for production and re-acquisition of packaging materials.

According to authoritative data analysis, if China will spontaneously organize and manage recycling, it will create considerable benefits. Taking Beijing as an example, Beijing residents can create direct economic benefits of 1.12 billion yuan or more in the waste recycling industry, which can solve at least 100,000 jobs. At present, many people in China spontaneously recycle packaging and other wastes. Professional teams have formed. Among the 600,000 people in Sichuan's Bazhong County, 200,000 people recycle packaging and other wastes. In Beijing alone, there are 40,000.

3. Passive recycling

Passive recycling refers to the method of packaging waste that is subject to relevant policies or must be restricted by certain laws and regulations. The specific control methods include: deposit restriction, taxation restriction, recycling index restriction, and pollution index restriction.

(1) Tax Constraints

It means that the production and sales of certain packaging restrict the production by increasing taxes, while reducing the tax on recycling and recycling, prompting packaging manufacturers to recycle the packaging they produce and sell.

(2) Constraints on recovery indicators

Refers to the relevant law enforcement agencies, to determine the amount of recycled packaging for certain packaging or certain areas consumed, or to limit the total amount of waste packaging in the environment, so that related companies or certain service companies must specifically recycle waste packaging.

(3) Restriction of pollution indicators

Refers to pollutants in the environment, relevant law enforcement or regulatory agencies to develop strict indicators, limiting the total amount of waste, and as a standard for assessment or punishment, companies regularly waste packaging and other waste specific recovery.

(4) Deposit Restriction Package Recycling

The deposit-restricted packaging recycling has been successful in developed countries and now focuses on the success of the United States.

The deposit limits the packaging recovery, also known as the deposit recovery method. It is refunded the percentage of the deposit that was charged at the time of consumption, and then returns the recovered packaging to the product manufacturer. This method is also called the "mandatory margin law." This recycling method first started with the beverage bottle and has now gradually expanded to other packaging (containers).

Currently, 10 states in the United States have some form of margin regulations for beverage containers. In most cases, the consumption of a container requires a deposit of US$0.05 to be paid separately from the cost of beverages, including carbonated soft drinks, beer and cold drink wine. Consumers return empty containers to retailers and collect deposits. Large containers have more deposits. Almost all container deposits in Michigan are $0.10. Drinks in Maine also include fruit juices, and deposits are also required. The state of California is not a true deposit, and the deposit for returning containers is not at the retailer but can only be collected at a designated refund center. The current refund in California is $0.025 per container. The containers involved are almost PET materials, and the return rate is less than 90%, which is caused by the low economic stimulus and the inconvenience of returning containers.

The name of the state where the American beverage container implements the deposit: California, Connecticut Delaware Iowa Myanmar Myanmar Massachusetts Michigan New York Oregon Vermont

In evaluating the validity of the deposit, it must be recognized that the main purpose of these regulations is not to promote recycling but rather to litter waste. Many studies have shown that although the bottle deposit regulations have no effect in reducing other wastes, they are effective in reducing the number of beverage bottles discarded around highways, parks, and other places.

4. Active recovery

This active recycling approach refers to recycling measures that bring certain benefits and benefits to consumers.

(1) Centralized collection and recovery

This recycling method is due to the recycling between the relevant departments and consumers. For example, in the residents' living area, the recovery is achieved after the property management department collects the property management fee of the household. The household consumer will regularly specify the used packaging materials (most of which are low value plastics, wood packaging, etc.). They are sent to classified waste containers (barrels, etc.), and the relevant personnel classify the packaged wastes and send them to a professional packaging and processing company for processing and utilization. In addition, the waste sorting and recycling devices (buckets, boxes, etc.) set up in parks, highways, streets, and tourist attractions are also recycled. However, such active recycling is caused by the designated wastes placed in these sites to be classified and promoted.

(2) Waste Flow Acquisition

This packaging purchase method is to purchase packaging waste from the consumer instead of requiring them to send the packaging waste to the collection point. This convenient way for consumers has significant advantages and the number of participants continues to increase. The most common form in the United States is roadside collection, where individual families put their reusable items on the side of the road and collect them as rubbish at the same time. The most effective method involves providing the family with a box to use as a recycled item, allowing people to mix and dispense various types of recycled packaging items in the box. Or classify these reusable items next to the truck or at the processing center. Collection bins are often blue, and this approach has proven to be an effective recycling method.

The acquisition of waste flows in China's urban and rural areas is the acquisition of pedestrians, flowing in the streets and lanes and residents living area, in the form of calling people to send packaged waste, to achieve the acquisition price by quality. Waste acquisition acquirers collect, sort, and transfer packages that are targeted at one family and individual.

(3) Centralized waste collection

This type of packaging centralized recycling is set point recovery, the main recycling and classification work is completed by the consumer, and the quality of recycling (classification effect) depends on the quality of consumers and related management.

This recovery is mainly achieved by setting up centralized waste collection points. The packaging waste is brought to the collection point and then transported to a professional company (recycling company) by special personnel. The setting of the waste collection point depends on the population density, quantity, and consumption level (capacity). Establishing and managing such collection points is generally the most economical type of recycling. The basic requirement is that the staff at the mountain collection point arrange the recycling cycle for different types of containers, and do some publicity to let users know its availability. Propaganda is as simple as collecting the marks on the containers, indicating which type of waste should be placed inside.

The effect of waste liquidity acquisition is reflected in the recovery rate. At present, the recycling rate in this way is relatively low, and the recovery rate is closely related to consumers and management. The percentage of available material in the waste piles collected using this collection method varies greatly, depending on the convenience of the collection point and the extent to which people are educated and persuaded to participate. Usually the participation rate is very low, about 10% to 20% or even less. The basis for determining the participation rate is based on the number of people who put the waste at the collection point, and the participation rate is higher than the conversion rate because very few consumers 100% recycle the waste that they produce.

The biggest feature of centralized collection of wastes is the collection bins (collection bins, etc.) that are categorized according to the type of packaging. For example, the US collection box plays an important role in residential areas. The collection box not only provides users with visible recycling reminders, but also is the most convenient place for packaging waste.

Looking down the street on the garbage collection day, it is easy to see who is holding the recycling box on the outside. From this point on, it is known who the “good citizens” are and who is not. Good roadside collection programs are related to education and public education, with an 80% or higher participation rate. To achieve such a high ratio, most of them are in residential areas and residents are required to participate, but there are also some residential areas that achieve this level on a voluntary basis. The plan for educating children in local schools is mainly to influence the habit of early recovery.

Multi-family home recycling programs are not as common as single family homes. Residents’ residential areas often maintain programs to reduce recycling, serve residents here, and collect roadside